Hurricanes strike the U.S. coastline an average of three times over a two-year period, once as a major hurricane. Storm surge causes nearly 50 percent of deaths. Inland flooding from heavy rainfall is the second leading cause of death.

 

This hurricane season, NOAA’s National Hurricane Center is introducing three new products to mitigate the risks:
 

New storm surge watches and warnings will highlight areas along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts where there are life-threatening risks. Since actions to prepare for storm surge often differ from actions to avoid wind, separate warnings for each hazard can save lives.  

New “Time of Arrival” graphics, experimental this season, will provide critical timing information for coastal communities that must prepare before tropical-storm-force winds hit.  

 

Advisories, watches and warnings with longer lead times will give a heads-up about potential storms while they are still developing and pose threats to land areas within 48 hours.

GOES-16 is in orbit, and test data are beginning to flow. 

 

Launched by NASA in partnership with NOAA’s Satellite and Information Service, GOES-16’s advanced high-resolution imagery and rapid-scan capability will give forecasters a closer, sharper look at hurricanes and other hazardous weather systems and enable forecasters to more accurately predict how these disturbances will evolve.

 

Coverage is five times faster than current satellites.

Resolution is four times better.

 

There are three times more spectral channels to capture vital weather imagery.
 

Image: GOES-16 captured this color-enhanced infrared image of the Western Hemisphere on May 3, 2017 using one of the new spectral channels available on the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager.

This animation shows how GOES-16's Advanced Baseline Imager gives forecasters a more detailed look at the structure and features of storm systems in near- real-time. As shown here, “bubbling” on top of storm clouds indicates strong currents of rising air, a characteristic of intense storms. 

 

"Minute-by-minute" refers to the one-minute frequency with which images are captured. 
 

As a result, our nation benefits from faster, more reliable watches and warnings. 

The Coyote, a 13-pound drone deployed by NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft, flies low and slow to sample the highly volatile, yet critically important hurricane environment where the air meets the sea, and it’s unsafe for humans to fly. 

 

Hurricanes feed on ocean heat, and information collected at this rarely observed interface is integral to predicting a storm’s strength.

While traditional weather instruments parachute from a plane and grab only a snapshot, the Coyote’s five-foot wingspan enables it to linger and return to certain areas for more measurements.

This hurricane season, NOAA is beginning to transition the FV3 to operational hurricane forecasting. The FV3 is a new dynamic core that, with powerful supercomputers, will drive a numerical prediction model that aims to build the world's best global forecasting model. This global model is the basis for all U.S. weather forecasts. 

 

The FV3 was developed by Shian-Jiann Lin and his team at NOAA Research's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey. Once fully operational in 2019, the FV3 will provide better guidance for hurricane seasonal outlooks and updates. This is likely to improve capability to measure the strength and position of rainfall and better understand their effects at finer and finer scales. 

 

The FV3 is already helping NOAA advance the frontiers of weather and climate prediction from seasons to decades.

 

Imagery: FV3 powered this simulation of the 2008 hurricane season, one of the most active on record. The FV3 core will enable the U.S. Global Forecast System model to simultaneously provide several localized forecasts while also generating a global forecast every six hours. In time, the model is expected to run in higher resolution and zoom in on smaller storm systems, giving forecasters a better picture of how storms will evolve. 

NOAA's National Ocean Service has a broad reach. Like coastal sentinels, NOAA’s network of water-level stations provides essential safety information 24/7. Through the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), the stations collect real-time data so communities have critical observations when hurricanes threaten and risks can be averted.

Storm QuickLook helps forecasters and emergency managers validate flood forecasts and guide evacuation plans. To plan the safest routes, vessels further rely on data from the Physical Oceanographic Real-time System®, or PORTS. The Office of Coast Survey provides emergency services to speed reopening of major ports and waterways. 

 

NOAA coordinates the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®), which through gliders and other innovations tracks data key to improving future hurricane intensity forecasts.

As a vital planning tool, Digital Coast has become one of the most widely used resources in the coastal management community.  

 

While marine debris is an everyday problem, hurricane winds, storm surges and heavy rains can make it worse by dragging debris into shallow coastal waters, endangering human safety and navigation. Collaborating closely with local and other agencies, NOAA’s Marine Debris Program facilitates quick, coordinated response to such problems on America’s waterways.

 

When hurricanes strike, aerial imagery is essential in determining the extent of damage to coastlines, coastal communities, major ports and waterways, and critical infrastructure.

With aerial imagery, NOAA's National Geodetic Survey frames shoreline, elevation, latitude, longitude, and other information and their changes over time. Such information is integral to making sound decisions about safety, our economy, and positioning America's future.
 

Image: (Top) Aerial image captured in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina before Hurricane Matthew struck in October 2016. Credit: Mapbox. (Bottom) Aerial image used to assess the heavy damage. Credit: NOAA

When hurricanes hit land, nature’s own remarkable forces can be the best line of defense.
 

To build coastal resilience, NOAA Fisheries’ Office of Habitat Conservation helps develop living shorelines along our coasts. 

Living shorelines of plants, sand and rock naturally reduce wave action, minimize erosion, and absorb powerful storm surge. Mangroves adapt to changing coastal environments in ways that concrete infrastructure cannot.

Image: Despite taking a direct hit from Hurricane Matthew in October 2016, this demonstration living shoreline of plants and low wooden terraces in New Smyrna, Florida sustained no visible damage. 

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